This study investigates the main challenges to such a goal, identifying policy, institutional, regulatory and administrative barriers hindering cross-border trade in goods and services (and investment), including those governing the logistics industry. The exercise aims to raise awareness among the Horn of Africa (HoA) countries on these issues. The intention is to trigger a debate at national level around the problems identified and on what governments should do to address them, in order to increase efficiency in cross-border trade, cut the red tape for businesses in the region and facilitate private investment. It should be noted that, while important for trade, tariffs are not typically seen as part of the trade facilitation agenda and, as a result, the subject is not discussed in detail in this report.